El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Rise of Extreme Temperatures in Eastern Sumatra: Exploring Climate Change Dynamics

The Indonesian region is affected by the monsoon system, which leads to a rainy season in December-March and dry June-September. Global warming caused human activities increasing risk of extreme climate events like floods, droughts, etc. study aims analyze trends correlations temperatures South Sumatra coastal area its relationship with DMI Nino 3.4 indices. four-stage research methodology includes data collection, temperature index calculation, trend detection correlation analysis ENSO. Results indicate that has seen rise temperature, hot day/night 0.26-0.29°C per decade cold 2-3°C 100-1000 years. A strong was found between daily maximum/minimum temperatures, as well Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR). projects nighttime will increase faster than daytime future, proportional